Ashton Hollwarth

The unique anatomy and dentition of exotic herbivorous species can predispose them to developing dental disease

Symptoms of cardiac disease in birds are often subtle as captive birds have the ability to self-restrict exercise and hide signs of illness until they reach congestive heart failure

Exotic patients are often more critical on presentation than canine and feline patients, due to their nature of hiding signs of illness

Reproductive disease in small exotic mammals is a fairly common occurrence and can be quite alarming to the client, especially when haemorrhage occurs

Options for analgesia in our exotic species are numerous, although not always well known

Once the patient is stabilised, is no longer in shock and its pain is well controlled, then the focus can turn to management of the fracture

The treatment of wild avian patients must be approached in a different way than that of companion avian species

Cardiac disease is a relatively common presentation in small exotic mammals; how should you approach these cases?

From first- to fourth-degree burns, what are the best ways to treat thermal burns in reptiles?

Diagnosis and treatment of the highly contagious viral disease

The right positioning and anaesthesia can vastly improve the diagnostic outcomes when radiographing birds